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Assessment 4
Assessment 4
Responding to Important Adolescent Development Issues
Overview
Adolescence is a time of transition and change. Recognition of this period as a distinct and significant life phase was first reported by Hall (1904), who referred to this period as “storm and stress,” illustrating his view of adolescence as a turbulent time. Although researchers no longer agree with Hall’s view, his major contribution was to draw interest to the field.
Impact of Physical Changes
Early adolescence is distinguished by the onset of puberty. The physical changes initiated by puberty are dramatic. Equally impressive is the variation among adolescents as they experience these physical changes. There is variance in the timing of onset, as well as in the rate of growth and development. Timing of puberty has been found to have a psychological impact on adolescents. Researchers have discovered that early-developing females and late-developing males have had the most negative reaction to puberty. On-time developing girls (compared with peers) and early-developing boys were found more likely to have the easiest adjustment. Two factors have been found to affect attitudes regarding puberty. First, how closely an adolescent perceives his or her body to match cultural ideals of attractiveness; and second, how an adolescent believes he or she physically fits in with peers. Moreover, body image of girls has been associated with their internal model of what they considered appropriate pubertal timing.
Social Factors
While the variance in the time of onset, rate of growth, and development is significant in puberty, there is general agreement that social factors heavily impact the adolescent’s evolving view of this process. There is a complexity in the interrelationship between the physical, emotional, and psychological changes occurring during puberty. Many early adolescents undergo changes in relation to the school setting as they transition to junior high school. Psychological issues such as self-esteem may be a particular concern for girls in early adolescence. Mental health professionals are in a unique position to address issues generated by the psychological effects of puberty.
Health and Nutrition
During puberty, health and nutrition are also important factors. Eating disorders are one of the most significant health problems for adolescents. Several factors contribute to eating disorders: early puberty, the discrepancy between an image of a desirable body and perceptions of one’s own body, family issues or parenting, the culture of thinness, genes, and psychological issues (Berk, 2016).
Abstract Thinkers
By adolescence, thinking becomes more abstract; teens become cap